PIRATAS DEVEM AMPLIAR ALVOS DA “GUERRA VIRTUAL”
Sites de relacionamento, celulares e mensagens instantâneas ajudarão pessoas mal-intencionadas a atingir seus objetivos.
Piratas virtuais abrirão uma nova frente na multimilionária “ciberguerra”, tomando por alvo celulares, serviços de mensagens instantâneas e sites comunitários como o MySpace, afirmam especialistas em segurança.
À medida que as pessoas se tornam mais cautelosas com golpes via e-mail, as quadrilhas de criminosos encontram novas maneiras de cometer fraudes on-line, vender produtos falsificados ou roubar segredos de empresas. “Os ataques estão se tornando mais sofisticados”, disse Dave Rand, da Trend Micro, empresa de segurança na internet. “O objetivo é essencialmente ganhar dinheiro. E eles vêm ganhando muito”, disse.
Os piratas terão como alvo sites de redes sociais como o MySpace e Orkut para obter informações que permitam ataques mais precisos aos computadores das vítimas. “Trata-se definitivamente uma área que está madura para ser mais explorada pelo chamado malware (software malicioso)”, disse Ed English, vice-presidente de tecnologia de combate a spyware na Trend Micro. “É fácil demais para os criadores de pragas montar o quebra-cabeça da identidade de uma pessoa utilizando páginas pessoais”, disse English.
Os criminosos também voltarão seu foco contra pessoas que usam serviços de mensagens instantâneas ou telefonemas via internet, em 2007, de acordo com a empresa. Os celulares modernos e computadores portáteis novos serão igualmente alvos de tentativas dos piratas para escapar aos sistemas de segurança rígidos e roubar mensagens de e-mail, documentos ou listas de contatos, de acordo com a desenvolvedora de software de segurança McAfee.
PORTAL DOMÍNIO PÚBLICO OFERECERÁ 3 MIL NOVOS ARQUIVOS POR MÊS
Site traz obras literárias, artísticas e científicas para download.
O Portal Domínio Público, do Ministério da Educação (MEC), disponibilizará três mil novos arquivos a cada mês. Um dos motivos para esse crescimento é a decisão da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes) de inserir teses e dissertações no portal.
O site conta com mais de 27 mil obras literárias, artísticas e científicas para download na internet. Além de garantir a preservação de textos, imagens, sons e vídeos, a crescente tendência de digitalização dos acervos também amplia o acesso da população a obras clássicas e raras.
No ano que vem também serão ampliadas as atividades de digitalização de acervos, realizadas em parceria com a Unesco. Já foram digitalizadas cerca de 300 mil páginas, referentes aos materiais do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (Inep) e do Conselho Nacional de Educação (CNE). Pretende-se digitalizar o acervo da Fundação Joaquim Nabuco, além de higienizar, restaurar e digitalizar obras raras armazenadas no Colégio Pedro II, do Rio de Janeiro.
Qualquer pessoa pode acessar os arquivos, armazená-los em seu computador, ou imprimí-los. Todas as obras possuem autorização dos criadores para sua divulgação ou já estão em domínio público. Pela Lei nº 9.610, de 1998, as obras intelectuais passam para domínio público 70 anos após a morte do autor ou após sua divulgação (no caso de filmes e fotografias).
O portal foi lançado em 2004, com 500 obras cadastradas. Em 2006, o acervo ganhou quase 15 mil novos títulos. Entre os livros mais procurados estão “A divina comédia”, de Dante Alighieri; “A comédia dos erros”, de William Shakespeare; e “Dom Casmurro”, de Machado de Assis. Leonardo da Vinci é o autor mais acessado. As obras “A adoração dos magos”, “Retrato de Mona Lisa”, “A última ceia” e “A virgem dos rochedos” somam mais de 130 mil acessos. Quanto aos arquivos sonoros, os mais procurados são a música “Oslodum”, de Gilberto Gil; “Moonlight Sonata”, de Beethoven; e o “Hino Nacional Brasileiro”.
Arctic’s summer sea ice ‘could disappear completely by 2040′
The Arctic could lose virtually all its summer sea ice by the year 2040 – 40 years earlier than previously thought – according to a study by leading climate scientists.
A rapid acceleration in the loss of sea ice seen in recent years will be dwarfed by the massive melting, up to four times faster than previously, which could take place within 20 years, the scientists predict.
If nothing is done to curb man-made emissions of greenhouse gases the Arctic Basin, from Siberia and Greenland to Canada and Alaska, could be open water in summer within the lifetime of today’s children.
The findings, part of the fourth assessment of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) due next year, are published today in the journal Geophysical Research Letters.
Previous climate models of the sea ice in the Arctic have suggested that the earliest date for a completely ice-free summer would be around 2080. An ice-free Arctic would almost certainly lead to the demise of many indigenous people and their way of life, along with the extinction of the polar bear and other species that rely on the year-long sea ice for survival.
The loss of sea ice could also lead to more serious long-term climate change, such as the disruption of the North Atlantic current that brings mild winters to Britain, or a more rapid loss of the Greenland ice sheet.
The latest study analysed levels of sea ice in the Arctic basin and used powerful supercomputers to model future scenarios of how the summer melting period is likely to develop.
Marika Holland of the National Centre of Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, the report’s lead author, said: “We have already witnessed major losses in sea ice, but our research suggests that the decrease over the next few decades could be far more dramatic.
“As the ice retreats, the ocean transports more heat to the Arctic and the open water absorbs more sunlight, further accelerating the rate of warming.”
Jeff Ridley, a climate scientist at the Met Office’s Hadley Centre for Climate Change, said the prediction of an essentially ice-free Arctic by September 2040 was surprising given that other computer models have suggested that this is not likely to occur before 2080.
However, Cecilia Bitz, of the University of Washington in Seattle, the study’s co-author, said the latest assessment was based on a “moderate scenario” of future man-made emissions of carbon dioxide.
“Other models have unrealistically thick ice in their simulation of the present-day climate, so they tend to be less sensitive than ours,” Dr Bitz said.
Since satellite measurements began in 1978, the area of the Arctic covered by floating sea ice steadily fell until 2002. But in recent years the loss has accelerated, with a summer minimum recorded in September 2005 and a winter minimum in March 2006. Scientists estimate that an area of summer sea ice the size of Alaska has been lost over the past 28 years.
The Arctic could lose virtually all its summer sea ice by the year 2040 – 40 years earlier than previously thought – according to a study by leading climate scientists.
A rapid acceleration in the loss of sea ice seen in recent years will be dwarfed by the massive melting, up to four times faster than previously, which could take place within 20 years, the scientists predict.
If nothing is done to curb man-made emissions of greenhouse gases the Arctic Basin, from Siberia and Greenland to Canada and Alaska, could be open water in summer within the lifetime of today’s children.
The findings, part of the fourth assessment of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) due next year, are published today in the journal Geophysical Research Letters.
Previous climate models of the sea ice in the Arctic have suggested that the earliest date for a completely ice-free summer would be around 2080. An ice-free Arctic would almost certainly lead to the demise of many indigenous people and their way of life, along with the extinction of the polar bear and other species that rely on the year-long sea ice for survival.
The loss of sea ice could also lead to more serious long-term climate change, such as the disruption of the North Atlantic current that brings mild winters to Britain, or a more rapid loss of the Greenland ice sheet.
The latest study analysed levels of sea ice in the Arctic basin and used powerful supercomputers to model future scenarios of how the summer melting period is likely to develop.
Marika Holland of the National Centre of Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, the report’s lead author, said: “We have already witnessed major losses in sea ice, but our research suggests that the decrease over the next few decades could be far more dramatic.
“As the ice retreats, the ocean transports more heat to the Arctic and the open water absorbs more sunlight, further accelerating the rate of warming.”
Jeff Ridley, a climate scientist at the Met Office’s Hadley Centre for Climate Change, said the prediction of an essentially ice-free Arctic by September 2040 was surprising given that other computer models have suggested that this is not likely to occur before 2080.
However, Cecilia Bitz, of the University of Washington in Seattle, the study’s co-author, said the latest assessment was based on a “moderate scenario” of future man-made emissions of carbon dioxide.
“Other models have unrealistically thick ice in their simulation of the present-day climate, so they tend to be less sensitive than ours,” Dr Bitz said.
Since satellite measurements began in 1978, the area of the Arctic covered by floating sea ice steadily fell until 2002. But in recent years the loss has accelerated, with a summer minimum recorded in September 2005 and a winter minimum in March 2006. Scientists estimate that an area of summer sea ice the size of Alaska has been lost over the past 28 years.
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